Bicycle – 自行车 – 随笔与拾记。

Journal – 09/01/2016 – Bike Drive System Maintenance – 山地车传动系统维护

(English version follows Chinese Part)

2014年暑期买回来的山地车（更多细节，点击查看历史日志）按照“行者”APP的记录，到今天已经行驶了600km，在骑行爱好者里绝对算不上多，不过也小有成就感。由于正常的损耗，最近传动系总是传出轻微尖锐异响，我决定检查检查，算作里程保养了。这里不得不首先提一下我的自行车工具套装（如图1），非常实惠，是我在淘宝上花了179RMB买的，其工具之齐全，可以胜任绝大多数自行车维护工作，之前的保养、换胎以及这次的保养工作都用到了这里面的工具。

Since 2014 I owned my mountain bike (Check past post), Xingzhe APP marked about 600 km. It is not outstanding among biking buffs, but I am proud of it. Then fray on my bike has its signal, little noise from transmission. Checking and repairing would be a good choice, when it is time to so some regular maintenance. I have to introduce my tool box as Fig.1, this cheap and useful box took me only 27 USD. Almost every maintenance step can be done with tools from the box. It is a example that I changed tires with tools last time.

图1(Fig.1)

循声而去，发现异响来自后拨链器的两个导轮（如图2），那就拆下来看看，发现除了污物侵入了轴承，润滑脂也基本耗尽。彻底清洁后如图3，接着再涂抹上新的润滑脂，装好复原，异响消除。

Follow the noise, problems are from two pulleys as Fig.2. Remove them and you can see those dust and dirt without less grease. Cleaning has been done then renew pulleys function so well with no noise again.

图2(Fig.2)

图3(Fig.3)

后来想想，反正都把工具、耗材拿出来了，那就再把整个传动系都保养一遍，按照教程里的步骤，拆下了整个中轴部件，如图4。

Anyway, tools and materials have been taken out, I decided to check the whole transmission system according to the user guide book. Parts of bottom bracket have been shown on Fig.4.

图4(Fig.4)

发现中轴使用的是163110-2RS滚珠轴承（如图5、6），可以说是自行车中轴里最广泛的型号，如果要更换的话也不麻烦。没什么大问题，就是在用手慢速转动的时候，某个特定位置稍有阻力，可能是长期骑行后有滚珠磨损较大，或许与个人的骑行习惯有关。这点情况并不碍事，组件里没有发现太多污物，润滑剂也没有太大损失。稍作清理，更新部分润滑剂就原样装回了。

I found out that bearing is type 163110-2RS (Fig.5 &6), which is widely use in bike industry. It would not be difficult to find a spare for it. Maybe I have bad habit in riding, a little obstacle can be feel when I rotate the bearing until a special position. Not big deal. Cleaning and assembling.

图5(Fig.5)

图6(Fig.6)

最后还稍微调整了一下前后拨链器的行程。本次保养完成!

Adjustment has been done to front derailleur & rear one. Job done!

08/11/2015 – Commuter Bike Upgrading – 通勤自行车升级维护

(English version follows Chinese Part)

我的通勤自行车车是2007年买的普利司通27寸三挡变速车，至今使用已逾8年，初高中日日往返于家和学校间，里程不胜计数。大学期间在外地读书，车便久置，回家后无需专门恢复调校，车胎打足气便可继续上路，车况良好。

My commuter bike is a Bridgestone 27″ 3-gear-bike bought in 2007 for daily transportation during secondary school years. It is still function well today after 8 years and countless miles working. What’s more, when I went to university far from hometown, the bike left unused for years can still do its duty after aerating without rust or repairing.

唯独两个地方需要维护升级。一是支撑车的脚撑，年久生锈，折弯部应力集中而破坏，27寸自行车又体型高大，停车时总是重心不稳，自行车不时发生倒伏。二是变速线损坏，档位只能固定在最高速档，骑行起来实在有些费力与不变，尤其是起步时。这两个问题是高中毕业时出现的，当时考虑到马上离乡读书，车不常用，遂未考虑将之解决。如今终于下定决心，又拜神奇的X宝能够买到合适的配件，给通勤车恢复最佳车况。

But it also getting old. Two things have to be fixed. Firstly, the bike stand crash because of rust and stress concentration, and the 27″ bike frame has high center of gravity that will make it worse. Then, the shift cables lost part of it which is indispensable for gear changing.

These problems were not fatal so I ignored them for years. Thanks to extremely rich kinds of merchandise sold in Chinese web shops, I searched out the exact type of spare parts fix my bike, and I made the decision to upgrade her.

首先是更换脚撑。原配的脚撑是单边式，在损坏前还勉强支撑27寸大车不倒，如今在冲压件折弯处开裂，实在无法堪用。考虑到一劳永逸地解决泊车不稳的问题，网购了双梯式脚撑，这样架起车来便稳稳当当。图1便是换下的脚撑和泊车状态的双梯脚撑。

Waiting the spare part of gear-change, I replaced the bike stand at the first time. The original one was prop stand that is too weak for supporting 27″ bike, I bought a double kickstand instead. Retired stand and the new one shown in Fig.1.

图.1(Fig.1)

第二个问题是变速器控制线损坏导致无法变速的问题。

The gear-change problem was solved the other day.

先解释下禧玛诺NEXUS变速器(维基百科链接)外部控制的原理。图2是外观，图3是原理图。如图3(a)是变速控制线释放状态，变速杆伸出，档位是1档，速度最慢。当手拨调高档位至2或3档到高速档时，控制线绷紧，杠杆将变速杆压入轴内，改变内变速传动比。注意图3中的钢珠，那个是控制线拉动杠杆的施力件，我的自行车的控制线钢珠脱落了，所以没法拉动杠杆变速。

It is SHIMANO NEXUS 3-speed-change system (Wikipedia Link) . You can see what’s it like in Fig.2 and how it woks in Fig.3. When control cable release at Gear-1 (Low), the pin was released, too (Fig.3(a)). After you turn the shift lever set by right hand, the cable tension and the pin is pressed into gear-box by pry bar that will change the gear ratio at Gear-2 or Gear-3 (High), as you can see from Fig.3(b).

图.2(Fig.2)

图.3(Fig.3)

坏掉的控制线末端如图4。

The tail of broken cable as Fig.4.

图.4(Fig.4)

由于钢珠是直接包紧控制线末端的，我的工具条件没法自制维修。原打算是在钢丝末端打一个结来替代钢珠的作用，但是发现钢丝弹性太大，没法成型。所以只好更换整条控制线。如图5，网购的控制线到货了，左侧是变速器端，右侧是手拨端。

The iron ball was attach to the wire rigid that I can not fix by tools I have, and the plan that tight knot was failed. Then I have to replace the hole control cable. Luckily I found it in web shop. Look at the Fig.5, the left side iss the end at gear-box side and the right one should be attached to controller at the handle-bar.

图.5(Fig.5)

换好后的样子如图6(变速器端)和图7(手拨端)。

That is the appearance of gear-box side (Fig.6) and the hand-controller (Fig.7).

图.6(Fig.6)

图.7(Fig.7)

Journal – 01/09/2015 – Biking, Sport APP, Personal Record – 骑行,运动应用,个人纪录

(English version follows Chinese Part)

八月份结束了，这一个月里按照锻炼计划比较规律地进行骑行，最后的纪录是总里程159km，运动均速达到25km/h。感觉挺不错，也积累到一些东西，希望能在九月有所提高。这篇周记就写写这些东西吧。

首先要介绍一下骑行的路线。由于住在中国南部丘陵地带的城市，所以路线设置为12km的右转（这样就可以在多数路口直接通过，提高骑行的连贯性）环线，全部是城市道路，途中包含丘陵（陡、缓坡，陡、缓降），沿河公路（平直道、弯道），交通灯（减速、休息点），即能够提供运动量，丰富的沿途项目又增加骑行乐趣，山路和沿河比较好的绿化又使运动环境比较健康。

这一个月的骑行最大的收获是练习了爬坡和下降的力量分配技巧。刚开始的几次试图通过上坡前的平道或下坡大幅度加力提速来储备动能，后来发现会提早消耗上坡的力量储备。所以最后采取上坡前的平道或下坡高速档位自然增速，上坡后梯次降档保持踏频的方式上坡。反而取得了更高的运动均速。

关于运动记录器，为了给自行车尽量减重，我并未加装过多设备，所以直接使用手机做码表。对比多款运动APP，依据我个人的使用喜好和界面习惯，选择的是<行者>，APP官方网站是http://www.imxingzhe.com/，主要的一些界面截屏如图1。

图.1(Fig.1)

不能不提到的就是我的爱车了。2014年适逢世界杯，节省出来的一些生活费觉得应该拿来投资能让我再一次爱上运动的东西，就决定买一台自行车。暑假在美利达的连锁店买下了我的公爵600 (2014款)山地车，价格是¥2500，在运动自行车里不算高级，但足以让我热爱上骑行（本来4岁就学会了骑两轮自行车，中学6年也骑自行车上学，对自行车的偏好从未降低）。在自行车店组装的照片如图2。当时还是一架标准的山地车，从山地胎纹就可以看出来。

图.2(Fig.2)

因为我的骑行路线大都是城市道路，并不需要山地胎的超强抓地力，况且太强的摩擦也会消耗太多体能。参照自行车论坛里的说法，我给我的爱车换装了城市胎。选择的是米其林的1.75半光胎(如图3上，可以看到城市胎的胎纹与图2的区别)。因为胎宽有所减小，原装内胎无法适用，也另外购买了配套的内胎(如图3下)。因为我中学6年的骑车经历，家里少不了自行车维护工具，又对自己的自行车维护能力充满信心，内外胎网购到手后，换胎工作是自己在家完成的（如图4，右下角就是自行车工具套装）。

图.3(Fig.3)

图.4(Fig.4)

另外一项改装就是增加了休息把(TT把)，用以长途骑行时更换姿势，如此简单的工作自然也是自己完成。网店的图片如图5。

图.5(Fig.5)

最后改装过的自行车如图6。

图.6(Fig.6)

对比图6和图2，还是有点区别。自此转变为“山马党”(山地车压马路)。之所以选择购买山地车而非公路车，主要是考虑到山地车的避震能够提高舒适度，而且改装余地比较大，可以再改回山地用途以适应更差的路面，方便长距离旅行的骑行。

The August was end. My cycling sport plan of Aug has been also finished. Total distance has record of 159 km, average sport speed gone up to 25 km/h. I am looking forward to improvement in Sept. Maybe a journal should be written about my bike.

Where I live in is a Southern-China city, which has hilly terrain. So I design a circle right-turn(can pass most road-cross without stopping, make the journey continuous) route around the city road, which including hills (with slopes), riverside-road(straight, curve), traffic lights(deceleration zone, pause point). It is a journey with interesting sight provides enough exercise. Trees and water alone with the road will also offer healthy sport atmosphere.

The most useful skill I’ve learn is the energy distribution between uphill and downhill. I used to keep sprinting before the slope because I want to store speed power for climbing, but I found that will run out muscle energy too early. So I changed style to keep naturally accelerate until uphill, then downshift regularly to maintain the cycling frequency. Finally the record showed that average speed has been promoted.

To reduce bike’s weight, I didn’t setup too much thing on it. My smartphone is used to mark and record my sport information. Comparing many sport apps, I chose the <XingZhe> (Chinese meaning of ‘walker’ or ‘traveler’)app, whose official website is http://www.imxingzhe.com/, some screenshots posted as Fig.1.

I can’t forget to introduce my lovely bike. It was FIFA World Cup during 2014 summer, I’ve saved little money, then decided to invest into something will make me loving in sports again. Considering about my first ride of two-wheel bike at 4-year-old, and 6 year’s cycling experience for high school transportation, I spent 2,500CNY (≈390USD) on a MERIDA DUKE 600 (type 2014) mountain bike. It isn’t high-grade bike but is the one could light my passion of cycling. The photo I took at the official MARIDA bike store is Fig.2 (attention to the lines of mountain bike on tires).

Most exercise routes of mine are city roads, which don’t need high grip force. In another words, too much friction will burn my energy too fast. Following ideas from bike forum, I chose to change them by MICHELIN COUNTRY ROCK 26*1.75 tire (As Fig.3 top) . With the narrower tire, I had to change the inner tires at the same time (As Fig.3 below) . Believe in my manipulative ability and repairing skills, I decided to do it myself after I received package from the online shop.(Fig.4)

The second alteration is that I added TT handle as Fig.5 for changing relaxing posture during long distance riding.

Appearance of bike after reform is as Fig.6.

Comparing Fig.2 and Fig.6, there is significant changing. And I also came to a Cycle Crosser(mountain bike for road riding). Finally I have to explain that I bought a mountain bike instead of road racing bike, was by the reason of comfort from absorber of mountain bike.